Los juicios contra Donald Trump en el contexto del proceso electoral de Estados Unidos The trials against Donald Trump in the context of the United States electoral process

Main Article Content

José Antonio Ruíz Rosales http://orcid.org/0009-0002-5797-5346

Resumen

En el contexto de la carrera presidencial de 2024 en Estados Unidos ha surgido la interrogante de la viabilidad legal y constitucional de Donald Trump como candidato republicano. El presente trabajo de investigación estudia un entramado de casos, juicios penales, civiles y algunos procedimientos constitucionales sobre las demandas que enfrenta, desde 2020 Donald Trump, pero cuyos primeros resultados están emergiendo en plena carrera presidencial. Los juicios que se analizan en este artículo abarcan tres materias; algunos civiles, otros penales y otros de tipo electoral en las jurisdicciones federal y de algunos estados que le están prohibiendo a Trump participar como candidato. El objetivo del trabajo es describir los avances de los juicios para conocer en qué estado se encuentran y principalmente establecer si alguno de los resultados que se ha emitido en dichos casos hasta agosto de 2024, es suficiente para frenar las aspiraciones electorales de Donald Trump. En la parte final, se analiza la decisión de la Suprema Corte emitida en julio de 2024 que, al pronunciarse sobre la inmunidad presidencial, no le impide a Trump ser elegido nuevamente como presidente de los Estados Unidos.

Article Details

Como citar
RUÍZ ROSALES, José Antonio. Los juicios contra Donald Trump en el contexto del proceso electoral de Estados Unidos. Ius Comitiãlis, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 17, p. 119-138, mayo 2026. ISSN 2594-1356. Disponible en: <https://iuscomitialis.uaemex.mx/article/view/24411>. Fecha de acceso: 11 jul. 2026 doi: https://doi.org/10.36677/ic.v9i17.24411.
Sección
Artículos de investigación

Citas

1. Associated Press (2020). Read The Indictment. https://apnews.com/trump-election-2020- indictment

2. Associated Press (2023a). Judge nixes Trump’s bid to move hush-money criminal case, keeping it in New York state court. https://apnews.com/article/trump-new-york-indictment-stormy- daniels-cohen-e673f673d205a70275d05510793672f2

3. Associated Press (2023b). Judge rejects Donald Trump’s request to delay hush-money trial until Supreme Court rules on immunity. https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-hush-money-criminal-trial-immunity-0703a3406016cf971fb07c0a211fd38e

4. Associated Press (2023c). Maine bars Trump from ballot as US Supreme Court weighs states’ authority to block former president. https://apnews.com/article/maine-trump-presidential-ballot-election-insurrection-081fd38ce1f20be9b8423cb2f8c66dee

5. Associated Press (2024, 29 de febrero). Trump appeals judge’s decision to remove his name from Illinois primary ballot. https://apnews.com/article/trump-ballot-illinois- primary-ruling-1c81edf29e90a04855c00468f46f5349

6. Associated Press (2024a, 31 de enero). “Illinois voters trying to boot Trump from ballot file legal challenge after election board defeat”.

7. Associated Press (2024a). Judge issues gag order barring Donald Trump from commenting on witnesses, others in hush money case. https://apnews.com/article/trump-gag-order-hush-money-new-york-68317dee722581bfbde51c305788b614

8. Associated Press (2024b, 29 de febrero). “Judge orders Trump off Illinois primary ballot but puts ruling on hold”. https://apnews.com/article/trump-illinois-primary-ballot- ruling-a9a4f343ee7cafef312d68e2633ddec4

9. Associated Press (2024b). Judge orders Trump to pay $355 million for lying about his wealth in staggering civil fraud ruling. https://apnews.com/article/trump-civil-fraud-verdict-engoron-244024861f0df886543c157c9fc5b3e4

10. Associated Press, News (2024c). Tribunal de apelaciones suspende caso contra Trump en Georgia en lo que se resuelve apelación. https://apnews.com/politics/tribunal-de-apelaciones-suspende-caso-contra-trump-en-georgia-en-lo-que-se-resuelve-apelacion-ab6f075e3d5dc5bb3141fc89ee19225f

11. Baker Peter & Glasser Susan (2023). Trump in the White House, 2017-2021, Penguin Random House.

12. Barak, Gregg. (2024). Indicting the 45th President. Boss Trump, the GOP, and What We Can Do About the Threat to American Democracy, Routledge.

13. BBC (2022). Trump tenía en su residencia de Mar-a-Lago documentos secretos que comprometían a "fuentes humanas de inteligencia", según el Departamento de Justicia, https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-internacional-62694509

14. BBC (2023). Fourth Trump co-defendant, Jenna Ellis, pleads guilty in Georgia subversion case. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-67208871

15. CBS News (2024). Donald Trump to stay on Illinois ballot; board declines to remove him over insurrection clause of 14th Amendment. https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/trump-ballot-illinois-state-board-of-elections/

16. CNN (2024, c). Juez ordena a Trump y sus empresas pagar casi US$ 355 millones en un caso de fraude civil en Nueva York. https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2024/02/16/juez-ordena-trump-pagar-caso-de-fraude-civil-en-nueva-york

17. CNN (2024). Georgia court of appeals indefinitely pauses the election subversion conspiracy case against Donald Trump. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/05/politics/georgia-trump-fani-willis-trial-delay/index.html#:~:text=A%20Georgia%20appeals%20court%20has,can%27t%20beat%20them%20altogether

18. CNN (2024). How we got here: A timeline of the Donald Trump-Stormy Daniels hush money case. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/04/14/politics/timeline-trump-stormy-daniels-hush-money-dg/index.html

19. CNN (2024b). Trump busca que se desestime el caso de los documentos clasificados de Mar- a-Lago, citando la inmunidad presidencial como uno de los argumentos, https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2024/02/22/trump-caso-documentos-clasificados-mar-a-lago-trax/

20. CNN (2024c). Trump pide retrasar el caso de los documentos clasificados y dice que los fiscales manejaron mal las pruebas, https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2024/05/07/trump-retrasar-caso-documentos-clasificados-mar-a-lago-pruebas-trax/

21. Cohen, Marshall (2024, 28 de febrero). “Retiran a Trump de la boleta electoral de Illinois por prohibición de insurrección”, CNN. https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2024/02/28/retiran-trump- boleta-electoral-illinois-trax/

22. Corte Suprema de Maine (2024). Donald J. Trump v. Secretary of State et al. https://www.courts.maine.gov/news/trump/index.html

23. Corte Suprema de Nueva York (2024). et al v. Trump et al. https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/decisions/trump-decision.pdf

24. Corte Suprema de Nueva York (2024). The People of the State of New York v. Trump, Verdict Sheet. https://www.nycourts.gov/LegacyPDFS/press/PDFs/Trump-Verdict-Sheet.pdf

25. Corte Suprema del Estado de Colorado (2023). Anderson v. Griswold. https://www.courts.state.co.us/userfiles/file/Court_Probation/Supreme_Court/Opinions/2023/23SA300.pdf

26. Davis, Emma (2024). Sec. Bellows withdraws decision to disqualify Trump from ballot following U.S. Supreme Court ruling. https://mainemorningstar.com/2024/03/04/scotus-says-trump-can-stay-on- colorados-ballot-heres-what-that-means-for-maine/

27. Del Valle, Laurent, Scannell, Kara, Choi, Annette, & Roberts, Gillian (2024, 30 de mayo). How we got here: A timeline of the Donald Trump-Stormy Daniels hush money case, CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/04/14/politics/timeline-trump-stormy-daniels-hush-money-dg/index.html

28. Department of the Secretary of State (2023). Ruling of the Secretary of State, State of Maine https://www.maine.gov/sos/news/2023/Decision%20in%20Challenge%20to%20Trump%20Presidential%20Primary%20Petitions.pdf

29. Department of the Secretary of State of Maine (2024). Modified Ruling of the Secretary of State https://www.maine.gov/sos/news/2024/Modified%20Ruling%203.4.24.pdf

30. Durkee, Alison (2024a, 28 de mayo). Trump jury requests testimony about “catch and kill” scheme, FORBES. https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2024/05/29/trump-jury-requests- testimony-about-catch-and-kill-scheme/

31. Durkee, Alison. (2024b, 23 de abril). “Who is Karen McDougal? What to know about the second woman paid hush money over alleged affair with Trump”, FORBES. https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2024/04/23/who-is-karen-mcdougal-what-to-know-about-the-second-woman-paid-hush-money-over-alleged-affair-with-trump/

32. El País (2023). Maine se suma a Colorado y prohíbe a Trump presentarse a las elecciones, https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-12-29/maine-se-convierte-en-el-segundo-estado-en-prohibir-a-trump-presentarse-a-las-elecciones.html

33. El País (2024a). Trump ataca al juez y defiende su inocencia al cierre del caso civil por fraude de Nueva York, https://elpais.com/internacional/2024-01-11/trump-ataca-al-juez-y-defiende-su-inocencia-al-cierre-del-caso-civil-por-fraude-de-nueva-york.html

34. El País (2024b). La jueza desestima por completo el caso contra Trump por los papeles clasificados de Mar-a-Lago. https://elpais.com/internacional/elecciones-usa/2024-07-15/la-jueza-desestima-el-caso-contra-trump-por-los-papeles-clasificados.html

35. Frum, David. (2018). Trumpocracy. The Corruption of the American Republic, Harper, Collins.

36. Haag Matthew. (2024, 30 de mayo). La Historia de Stormy Daniels y Donald Trump: una cronología del caso, The New York Times.

37. Hess, Frederick (2023, 9 de noviembre). Trump’s american academy is an awful idea”, FORBES. https://www.forbes.com/sites/frederickhess/2023/11/09/trumps-american-academy-is-an-awful-idea/

38. Hilton, Annmarie (2024). Trump appeals Maine secretary of state decision to remove him from primary ballot. New Hampshire Bulletin. https://mainemorningstar.com/briefs/trump-appeals-maine-secretary-of-state- decision-to-remove-him-from-primary-ballot/

39. Human Rights Watch (2020). US Sanctions on the International Criminal Court https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/14/us-sanctions-international-criminal-court

40. Isikoff, Michael & Klaidman, Daniel (2024). Find Me the Votes: A Hard-Charging Georgia Prosecutor, a Rogue President, and the Plot to Steal an American Election, Twelve Books.

41. Lee, Bandy (2017). The dangerous case of Donald Trump: 37 psychiatrist and mental health experts assess a president, Thomas Dunne Books, Updated Edition.

42. Lieberman, Robert C. & Mettler, Suzanne. (2023). The Crisis of American Democracy in Historical Context. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 708(1), 122-136.

43. Mouffe, Chantal. (1999). El retorno de lo político. Comunidad ciudadana, pluralismo, democracia radical, México, Paidós.

44. New York Times (2023). Transcript: Highlights of Trump’s Call with the Georgia Secretary of State. https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/highlights-of-trump-s-call-with-the-georgia-secretary-of-state-1/b67c0d9dbde1a697/full.pdf

45. New York Times (2024). La historia de Stormy Daniels y Donald Trump: una cronología del caso, https://www.nytimes.com/es/2024/05/07/espanol/stormy-daniels-trump.html

46. New York Times (2024). Maine Secretary of State to Appeal Ruling on Her Decision to Exclude Trump from Ballot. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/19/us/maine-ballot-trump-appeal.html

47. NY Magazine (2023). Trump Charged Over Plot to Destroy Security Footage in Documents Case. https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2023/07/trump-mar-a-lago-worker-face-new-charges-in-documents-case.html

48. PBS News (2023). Read the full Georgia indictment against Trump and 18 allies. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/read-the-full-georgia-indictment-against-trump-and-18-allies

49. Politico (2024). Judge dismisses Trump’s Mar-a-Lago classified docs criminal case. https://www.politico.com/news/2024/07/15/judge-dismisses-trumps-mar-a-lago-classified-docs-criminal-case-00168231

50. Reuters (2022). Trump pressed, threatened Pence to overturn election, panel hears. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-capitol-jan-6-panel-turns-attention-pence-thursdays-hearing-2022-06-16/

51. Revista Time (2022). How Trump Survived Decades of Legal Trouble: Deny, Deflect, Delay, and Don’t Put Anything in Writing, https://time.com/6215419/trump-legal-trouble-key-strategies/

52. Riccardi, Nicholas & Sharp, David (2023, 29 de diciembre). “Maine bars Trump from ballot as US Supreme Court weighs states’ authority to block former president”, ASSOCIATED PRESS. https://apnews.com/article/maine-trump-presidential-ballot-electioninsurrection-081fd38ce1f20be9b8423cb2f8c66dee

53. Russell, Jenna (2024, 19 de enero). Maine secretary of state to appeal ruling on her decision to exclude Trump from Ballot, The New York Times.

54. San Diego Unión Tribune (2016). Recuerdan el fallido complejo Trump en Baja California, https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2016/06/28/recuerdan-el-fallido- complejo-trump-en-baja-california/

55. Scotus Blog (2024). Trump v United States. https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/trump-v-united-states-3/

56. Seisdedos, Iker (2023). “Maine se suma a Colorado y prohíbe a Trump presentarse a las elecciones”. El país. https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-12-29/maine-se-convierte-en-el-segundo-estado-en-prohibir-a-trump-presentarse-a-las-elecciones.html

57. Sisak, M Michael (2024a, 26 de marzo). “Judge issues gag order barring Donald Trump from commenting on witnesses, others in hush money case”. https://apnews.com/article/trump-gag-order-hush-money-new-york-68317dee722581bfbde51c305788b614

58. Sisak, Michael (2023, 15 de noviembre). “Trump abandons his bid to move his New York hush-money criminal case from state to federal court”. https://apnews.com/article/trump-hush-money-case-federal-state-trial- 6d8bd7a0140b0096091efab4529ffad6

59. Sisak, Michael (2023a, 14 de agosto). “Judge In Donald Trump's hush-money case denies bias claim, won't step aside”. https://apnews.com/article/trump-hush-money-juan-manuel-merchan-recusal-manhattan-e6ea9180af83bf47443b752fec2c518c

60. Sisak, Michael (2024, 14 de junio)“Trump investigations: Tracking the cases”, ASSOCIATED PRESS. https://apnews.com/projects/trump-investigations-civil-criminal-tracker/#tabs

61. Sisak, Michael (2024b, 4 de abril), Judge rejects Donald Trump’s request to delay hush-money trial until Supreme Court rules on immunity”. https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-hush-money-criminal-trial-immunity-0703a3406016cf971fb07c0a211fd38e

62. Sisak, Michael & Neumeister, Larry (2023, 19 de julio). Judge nixes Trump’s bid to move hush-money criminal case, keeping it in New York state court. https://apnews.com/article/trump-new-york-indictment-stormy-daniels-cohen-e673f673d205a70275d05510793672f2

63. State Board of Elections of Illinois (2024). County of Cook, Anderson et al v. Trump, https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Just-Security-14th-Amend.-Illinois-State-Board-of-Elections-—-Illinois-Elections-Board-decision-that-it-lacks-jurisdiction-to-decide-the-petition-challenging-Trumps-candidacy-Jan.-30-2024-.pdf

64. State of Colorado District Court (2023). Anderson v. Griswold. https://www.courts.state.co.us/userfiles/file/Court_Probation/02nd_Judicial_District/Denver_District_Court/11_17_2023%20Final%20Order.pdf

65. Supreme Court of the United States (2024). Trump v. Anderson. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/23-719_19m2.pdf

66. Supreme Court of the United States (2024). Trump v. United States, https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/23-939_e2pg.pdf

67. Tareen, Sophia & Riccardi, Nicholas (2024, 31 de enero). “Trump stays on Illinois’ ballot as the election board says it lacks power to remove him over Jan. 6. https://apnews.com/article/trump-14th-amendment-insurrection-ballot-illinois-8709a8dbf12f845ed30fce22c9bff469

68. The Guardian (2023). Inside Trump’s ‘alternate electors’ plot to steal the vote in Georgia, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/aug/05/trump-fake-electors-

##plugins.generic.recommendByAuthor.heading##

##plugins.generic.recommendByAuthor.noMetric##